Abductive Reasoning

Fuzzy Logic

A form of logic that handles approximate reasoning, allowing variables to have degrees of truth rather than strict binary true/false values.

Bayesian Reasoning

A statistical approach to AI that uses Bayes' theorem to update probability estimates as new evidence becomes available.

Heuristic Search

Problem-solving techniques that use practical rules of thumb to find satisfactory solutions when exhaustive search is impractical.

State Space Search

A method of problem-solving that represents all possible states of a system and searches for a path from initial to goal state.

Constraint Satisfaction

A computational approach where problems are defined as a set of variables, domains, and constraints that must all be simultaneously satisfied.

Planning Algorithm

An AI algorithm that generates a sequence of actions to achieve a specified goal from an initial state.

Forward Chaining

An inference strategy that starts with known facts and applies rules to derive new conclusions until a goal is reached.

Backward Chaining

An inference strategy that starts with a goal and works backward through rules to determine what facts must be true.

An approach to AI that uses human-readable symbols and rules to represent problems and derive solutions through logical reasoning.

A simplified alternative to RLHF that directly optimises language model policies using preference data without requiring a separate reward model.

A formal representation of knowledge as a set of concepts, categories, and relationships within a specific domain.

A prompting technique that encourages language models to break down reasoning into intermediate steps before providing an answer.

A measurement of how well a probability model predicts a sample, commonly used to evaluate language model performance.

The simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems, including learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

The research field focused on ensuring AI systems act in accordance with human values, intentions, and ethical principles.

A thought experiment by John Searle arguing that executing a program cannot give a computer genuine understanding or consciousness.