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Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks, unauthorised access, and data breaches.

Threat Intelligence

Evidence-based knowledge about existing or emerging threats to an organisation's digital assets and infrastructure.

Vulnerability Assessment

The process of identifying, quantifying, and prioritising security vulnerabilities in systems and applications.

Penetration Testing

A simulated cyberattack against a system to evaluate the security of its defences and identify exploitable vulnerabilities.

Red Team

A group of security professionals who simulate real-world attacks to test an organisation's defensive capabilities.

Blue Team

A group of security professionals who defend against both real attackers and simulated attacks from red teams.

Purple Team

A collaborative security approach combining red team attack knowledge with blue team defensive capabilities.

Intrusion Prevention System

A network security technology that examines network traffic to detect and prevent vulnerability exploits.

Ransomware

Malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for the decryption key.

Malware

Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorised access to computer systems.

Phishing

A social engineering attack that uses fraudulent communications to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information.

Spear Phishing

A targeted phishing attack directed at specific individuals or organisations using personalised deceptive content.

The process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext using an algorithm, making it unreadable without the decryption key.

A documented set of procedures for detecting, responding to, and recovering from cybersecurity incidents.

An isolated testing environment that mimics production settings for safely running untrusted programs or code.

An advanced firewall that goes beyond traditional packet filtering to include application awareness and intrusion prevention.

Evidence-based knowledge about adversary capabilities, infrastructure, motives, and tactics that informs security decisions and enables proactive defence against cyber attacks.

A technology stack that integrates security tools and automates incident response workflows, enabling faster triage, investigation, and remediation of security alerts.

A model describing the stages of a cyberattack from reconnaissance through data exfiltration.

Insurance coverage protecting organisations against financial losses from cyberattacks, data breaches, and related incidents.