Data Parallelism

Deep Learning

A subset of machine learning using neural networks with multiple layers to learn hierarchical representations of data.

Neural Network

A computing system inspired by biological neural networks, consisting of interconnected nodes that process information in layers.

Convolutional Neural Network

A deep learning architecture designed for processing structured grid data like images, using convolutional filters to detect features.

Recurrent Neural Network

A neural network architecture where connections between nodes form directed cycles, enabling processing of sequential data.

Long Short-Term Memory

A recurrent neural network architecture designed to learn long-term dependencies by using gating mechanisms to control information flow.

Gated Recurrent Unit

A simplified variant of LSTM that combines the forget and input gates into a single update gate.

Transformer

A neural network architecture based entirely on attention mechanisms, eliminating recurrence and enabling parallel processing of sequences.

Attention Mechanism

A neural network component that learns to focus on relevant parts of the input when producing each element of the output.

Encoder-Decoder Architecture

A neural network design where an encoder processes input into a fixed representation and a decoder generates output from it.

Autoencoder

A neural network trained to encode input data into a compressed representation and then decode it back to reconstruct the original.

Variational Autoencoder

A generative model that learns a probabilistic latent space representation, enabling generation of new data samples.

Batch Normalisation

A technique that normalises layer inputs during training to stabilise and accelerate deep neural network learning.

An activation function that maps input values to a range between 0 and 1, useful for binary classification outputs.

A distributed training approach that partitions a model across multiple devices, enabling training of models too large to fit in a single accelerator's memory.

The automatic discovery of data representations needed for feature detection or classification from raw data.

Dense vector representations of words where semantically similar words are mapped to nearby points in vector space.

A skip connection that adds a layer's input directly to its output, enabling gradient flow through deep networks and allowing training of architectures with hundreds of layers.

An attention mechanism where each element in a sequence attends to all other elements to compute its representation.

An architecture where different specialised sub-networks (experts) are selectively activated based on the input.

A neural network architecture that groups neurons into capsules to better capture spatial hierarchies and part-whole relationships.

Strategy

A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim, involving resource allocation and competitive positioning.