Dialogue System

Machine Translation

The use of AI to automatically translate text or speech from one natural language to another.

Question Answering

An NLP task where a system automatically answers questions posed in natural language based on given context.

Text Generation

The process of producing coherent and contextually relevant text using AI language models.

Chatbot

A software application that simulates human conversation through text or voice interactions using NLP.

Conversational AI

AI systems designed to engage in natural, context-aware dialogue with humans across multiple turns.

Top-K Sampling

A text generation strategy that restricts the model to sampling from the K most probable next tokens.

Text-to-SQL

The task of automatically converting natural language questions into executable SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to interrogate databases through conversational interfaces.

Extractive Summarisation

A summarisation technique that identifies and selects the most important sentences from a source document to compose a condensed version without generating new text.

Intent Detection

The classification of user utterances into predefined categories representing the user's goal or purpose, a fundamental component of conversational AI and chatbot systems.

Dialogue Management

The component of conversational systems that tracks conversation state, determines the next system action, and maintains coherent multi-turn interactions with users.

A subword tokenisation algorithm that iteratively merges the most frequent character pairs to build a vocabulary.

The computational study of people's opinions, emotions, and attitudes expressed in text.

Dense vector representations of text passages that capture semantic meaning for similarity comparison and retrieval.

An approach to AI alignment where models are trained to follow a set of principles or constitution.

Connecting language model outputs to real-world knowledge, facts, or data sources to improve factual accuracy.

An NLP task that identifies and classifies named entities in text into categories like person, organisation, and location.

Techniques for identifying when AI language models generate plausible but factually incorrect or unsupported content.

The generation of machine-readable formatted responses such as JSON, XML, or code from language models, enabling reliable integration with downstream software systems.