Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing

A computing paradigm that uses quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to process information exponentially faster for certain problems.

Qubit

The fundamental unit of quantum information, capable of existing in a superposition of both 0 and 1 states simultaneously.

Superposition

A quantum mechanical property where a qubit exists in multiple states simultaneously until measured.

Quantum Entanglement

A phenomenon where two or more qubits become correlated such that the quantum state of one instantly influences the other regardless of distance.

Quantum Gate

A basic quantum circuit operation that manipulates one or more qubits, analogous to logic gates in classical computing.

Quantum Circuit

A sequence of quantum gates applied to qubits to perform a quantum computation.

Quantum Error Correction

Techniques for protecting quantum information from errors due to decoherence and other quantum noise sources.

Decoherence

The loss of quantum coherence when a quantum system interacts with its environment, causing errors in computation.

Quantum Noise

Random fluctuations in quantum systems that introduce errors and limit the accuracy of quantum computations.

NISQ

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum — the current era of quantum computing with limited, error-prone qubits.

Quantum Teleportation

The transfer of quantum states between qubits using entanglement and classical communication.

Photonic Quantum Computing

Quantum computing using photons as qubits, manipulated through optical components.

A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for finding the ground state energy of molecular systems.

A quantum algorithm for integer factorisation that runs exponentially faster than the best known classical algorithms.

The quantum mechanical analogue of a classical random walk, used as a building block for quantum algorithms.

A hybrid algorithm designed to solve combinatorial optimisation problems on near-term quantum hardware.

Accessing quantum computing resources remotely through cloud-based platforms and APIs.

Using quantum mechanical effects to achieve measurement sensitivities beyond what classical sensors can achieve.

A device that generates truly random numbers using quantum mechanical processes.

A collection of qubits that together store quantum information for processing in a quantum circuit.