Hallucination Detection

Large Language Model

A neural network trained on massive text corpora that can generate, understand, and reason about natural language.

GPT

Generative Pre-trained Transformer — a family of autoregressive language models that generate text by predicting the next token.

BERT

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers — a language model that understands context by reading text in both directions.

Tokenisation

The process of breaking text into smaller units (tokens) such as words, subwords, or characters for processing by language models.

Language Model

A probabilistic model that assigns probabilities to sequences of words, enabling prediction of the next word in a sequence.

Contextual Embedding

Word representations that change based on surrounding context, capturing polysemy and contextual meaning.

Word2Vec

A neural network model that learns distributed word representations by predicting surrounding context words.

GloVe

Global Vectors for Word Representation — an unsupervised learning algorithm for obtaining word vector representations from aggregated word co-occurrence statistics.

Instruction Tuning

Training a language model to follow natural language instructions by fine-tuning on instruction-response pairs.

RLHF

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback — a technique for aligning language models with human preferences through reward modelling.

Grounding

Connecting language model outputs to real-world knowledge, facts, or data sources to improve factual accuracy.

Prompt Injection

A security vulnerability where malicious inputs manipulate a language model into ignoring its instructions or producing unintended outputs.

The classification of user utterances into predefined categories representing the user's goal or purpose, a fundamental component of conversational AI and chatbot systems.

The subfield of NLP concerned with producing natural language text from structured data or representations.

The computational study of people's opinions, emotions, and attitudes expressed in text.

An NLP task where a system automatically answers questions posed in natural language based on given context.

The process of producing coherent and contextually relevant text using AI language models.

AI systems designed to engage in natural, context-aware dialogue with humans across multiple turns.

A software application that simulates human conversation through text or voice interactions using NLP.

An NLP task that identifies and classifies named entities in text into categories like person, organisation, and location.