Proof of Work

Blockchain

A distributed, immutable digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers without a central authority.

Distributed Ledger Technology

A digital system for recording, sharing, and synchronising data across multiple sites without a central administrator.

Consensus Mechanism

The method by which a distributed network agrees on the current state of the ledger and validates transactions.

Proof of Stake

A consensus mechanism where validators are selected based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold and stake.

Delegated Proof of Stake

A consensus mechanism where token holders vote for delegates who validate transactions on their behalf.

Byzantine Fault Tolerance

The ability of a distributed system to reach consensus despite some nodes acting maliciously or failing.

Merkle Tree

A hash-based data structure that efficiently verifies the integrity and consistency of large sets of data.

Hash Function

A mathematical function that converts input data of any size into a fixed-size output, used extensively in blockchain security.

Cryptographic Hash

A one-way function producing a fixed-length output that is computationally infeasible to reverse or find collisions for.

Public Key Cryptography

An encryption system using mathematically linked key pairs — a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Digital Signature

A cryptographic mechanism that verifies the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents.

Decentralised Application

An application that runs on a decentralised peer-to-peer network rather than a single centralised server.

Infrastructure enabling the transfer of assets and data between different blockchain networks.

A digital asset on a blockchain that represents ownership of a regulated financial instrument such as equity, debt, or revenue share, subject to securities laws.

A technical standard for implementing fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain.

The ability of different blockchain networks to communicate, share data, and transfer value between each other.

The transaction fee paid to blockchain network validators for processing and confirming transactions.

A blockchain token where each unit is identical and interchangeable with any other unit of the same token.

A digital asset created and managed on a blockchain, representing value, utility, or ownership rights.

The economic design and incentive structures governing a cryptocurrency or token ecosystem.