Spear Phishing

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks, unauthorised access, and data breaches.

Threat Intelligence

Evidence-based knowledge about existing or emerging threats to an organisation's digital assets and infrastructure.

Vulnerability Assessment

The process of identifying, quantifying, and prioritising security vulnerabilities in systems and applications.

Penetration Testing

A simulated cyberattack against a system to evaluate the security of its defences and identify exploitable vulnerabilities.

Red Team

A group of security professionals who simulate real-world attacks to test an organisation's defensive capabilities.

Blue Team

A group of security professionals who defend against both real attackers and simulated attacks from red teams.

Purple Team

A collaborative security approach combining red team attack knowledge with blue team defensive capabilities.

Intrusion Prevention System

A network security technology that examines network traffic to detect and prevent vulnerability exploits.

Ransomware

Malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for the decryption key.

Malware

Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorised access to computer systems.

Phishing

A social engineering attack that uses fraudulent communications to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information.

Zero-Day Vulnerability

A software security flaw unknown to the vendor that can be exploited before a patch is available.

Security solutions that deploy decoy assets such as fake servers, credentials, and data to detect, misdirect, and analyse attackers who have breached perimeter defences.

Automated tools that continuously assess cloud infrastructure configurations against security best practices and compliance requirements, identifying and remediating misconfigurations.

A systematic evaluation of an organisation's information system security by measuring compliance with established criteria.

A programme where organisations pay individuals for discovering and reporting software vulnerabilities.

A code injection technique that exploits vulnerabilities in database-driven applications through malicious SQL statements.

An approach that integrates security considerations into every stage of the software development lifecycle.

A set of voluntary guidelines for managing and reducing cybersecurity risk developed by the US National Institute of Standards.

An entity that issues digital certificates, verifying the identity of organisations and encrypting communications.