Utility Token

Blockchain

A distributed, immutable digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers without a central authority.

Distributed Ledger Technology

A digital system for recording, sharing, and synchronising data across multiple sites without a central administrator.

Consensus Mechanism

The method by which a distributed network agrees on the current state of the ledger and validates transactions.

Proof of Work

A consensus mechanism requiring computational effort to validate transactions and create new blocks, used by Bitcoin.

Proof of Stake

A consensus mechanism where validators are selected based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold and stake.

Delegated Proof of Stake

A consensus mechanism where token holders vote for delegates who validate transactions on their behalf.

Byzantine Fault Tolerance

The ability of a distributed system to reach consensus despite some nodes acting maliciously or failing.

Merkle Tree

A hash-based data structure that efficiently verifies the integrity and consistency of large sets of data.

Hash Function

A mathematical function that converts input data of any size into a fixed-size output, used extensively in blockchain security.

Cryptographic Hash

A one-way function producing a fixed-length output that is computationally infeasible to reverse or find collisions for.

Public Key Cryptography

An encryption system using mathematically linked key pairs — a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Digital Signature

A cryptographic mechanism that verifies the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents.

A blockchain interaction model where users specify desired outcomes rather than exact execution steps, with solvers competing to fulfil the intent optimally.

A fixed-income security issued and managed on blockchain infrastructure, automating coupon payments, settlement, and transfer of ownership through smart contracts.

An uncollateralised loan in DeFi that must be borrowed and repaid within a single blockchain transaction.

A decentralised oracle network that connects smart contracts with external data sources, APIs, and payment systems.

A unique digital asset on a blockchain that represents ownership of a specific item, artwork, or piece of content.

Bank deposits represented as digital tokens on a blockchain, enabling programmable settlement, interbank transfers, and integration with decentralised financial infrastructure.

An open-source collaborative project hosting enterprise-grade blockchain frameworks and tools.

A technical standard for implementing fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain.